Wednesday, February 24, 2016

INTRODUCTION TO MECHANCAL VIBRATION



Vibration is the movement back and forth within a certain time interval. Vibration associated with oscillatory motion of objects and forces associated with the motion. All objects that have mass and elasticity is capable of vibrating, so most machines and engineering structure experience with vibration to a certain degree and designs typically require consideration of the nature of the vibrations.
1. Importance of Learning Mechanical Vibration
The purpose about this study is to reduce the negative effects of vibration through the design of a good machine. Almost all mechanical structural have vibration problems because of an imbalance of mechanisms, for example:

- Mechanical failures due to material fatigue
- Vibration can result in faster wear
- In the manufacturing process, the vibration can  cause roughing in final results

In addition to damaging effects, vibration can be used for things that are useful. For example:

- Vibration used in vibrating conveyors, washing machine, an electric toothbrush.
- Vibration is also used in pile driving, vibratory testing of materials.
- Vibration is used to increase the efficiency of the machining processes such as casting and forging.

2. Classification of Mechanical Vibration
Free Vibration


Free vibrations occur if the system oscillates due to the operation of the existing forces within the system itself, and if there is a vast work force. The system will vibrate freely move in one or more of their natural frequency, which is the nature of the system established by the dynamics of the distribution of mass and elasticity. All systems that have mass and elasticity can experience the free vibrations that occur without external stimulation.


Forced Vibration
Forced vibration is a vibration that occurs due to stimulation of the external force, if the stimulus is oscillating, the system is forced to vibrate at a frequency of stimulation. If the stimulation frequency equal to one of the natural frequency of the system, it will get a resonance state and the dangerously large oscillations may occur. Damage to large structures such as bridges, buildings or aircraft wings, is a frightening incident caused by resonance. So the calculation of natural frequencies is the main thing. 
 
A Mechanical system is said to undergo forced vibration whenever external force is applied to the system during vibration. External excitation can be supplied by applied for or an imposed displacement. Excitation force or displacement can be harmonic, non harmonic, non periodic or random. For the excitation harmonic force, the system will undergo harmonic response. 
For the response analysis 



  Free Body Diagram System





 Reference:
Rao, S. S. 2010. Mechanical Vibration Fifth Edition. Prentice Hall

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